The current calibration is not perfectly accounting for saturation effects (see Figure 5.22 comparing residuals in the Hipparcos and Tycho-2 photometric transformations derived in Section 5.3.7 as a function of the magnitude).
In order to provide a tool to empirically correct this trend at bright magnitudes we fit here a relationship of this trend in Figure 5.22, combining both Hipparcos and Tycho-2 residuals. The resulting fitted relationships are the following:
The ranges of applicability for these relationships are the following: